A Silvering Society

India’s elderly population is projected to more than double by 2050, with 347 million individuals aged 60 and above. The India Ageing Report 2023 by the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) paints a sobering picture of this demographic shift, projecting that the elderly will outnumber children by mid-century. While longer life expectancy is a positive outcome, the nation is unprepared for the mounting social, economic, and healthcare challenges this aging population will bring.

Particularly vulnerable are older women, who face a higher likelihood of outliving spouses and often end up living alone. This leads to heightened financial insecurity and social isolation. The data is stark: nearly one-fifth of India’s elderly lack income, with this rate exceeding the national average in 17 states. In states like Lakshadweep, this figure peaks at an alarming 42.4%, highlighting how income disparity and a lack of social security infrastructure push millions into poverty. Without immediate intervention, a considerable portion of India's elderly population risks an impoverished and undignified old age.

Healthcare is another area where the elderly are disproportionately underserved. Despite Ayushman Bharat and similar programs, access to affordable healthcare for age-related conditions remains limited. Furthermore, housing options suited for aging individuals are virtually non-existent. The prevailing practice of family-based elder care is showing strain, with HelpAge India reporting that 29% of caregivers, especially women, struggle to provide the necessary physical and financial support for elderly family members. As families find it increasingly difficult to support aging relatives, state intervention becomes imperative.

A proactive policy approach is essential. A national pension system, partially funded by government subsidies, could provide critical income security for seniors, particularly women. Additionally, investing in senior-friendly housing—either through public housing programs or incentives for private developers—could offer dignified living arrangements for those who lack family support. On the healthcare front, policies must adapt to the unique needs of the elderly, ensuring that treatments and facilities address age-related health issues comprehensively.

An intergenerational strategy could bridge the gap between elderly care and youth engagement. Programs that encourage younger generations to volunteer with or support elderly individuals can foster respect and appreciation for aging, while providing essential support for seniors.

India’s rapid demographic shift calls for a responsive, inclusive framework that secures dignity, financial stability, and health for the elderly. If we fail to act, we risk a future where millions of older citizens live in poverty and isolation. As a nation, it is our responsibility to ensure that those who once contributed to society are not left behind, but instead honoured with the security and respect they deserve.