Strengthening the roots

India’s school education system is among the largest globally, with nearly 14.89 lakh schools, over 95 lakh teachers, and approximately 26.52 crore students from various socio-economic backgrounds. Despite these impressive figures, the quality of education in government schools, especially at the primary level, remains a significant concern. Recent data from the UDISE+ 2021–22 report show some positive trends, such as increased enrolment rates and improved gender parity. However, these findings also highlight the urgent need for the government to intensify its focus on enhancing primary education in government schools.

The report reveals that around 54 percent of students in India are enrolled in government schools. This is notable, particularly given the recent decline in private school enrolment rates, reversing a trend from 2015 to 2020 when private schools saw significant growth. This shift presents a critical opportunity for the government to re-evaluate and strengthen its approach to primary education in public schools.

Despite improved enrolment rates and a reduction in school dropouts, the quality of education in government schools remains inconsistent. Challenges such as outdated curricula, inadequate infrastructure, and a lack of qualified teachers continue to undermine the system. For many students, especially those from marginalized communities who rely on government schools, these issues can have long-term effects. A weak foundation at the primary level not only hampers academic performance but also limits future opportunities, perpetuating cycles of poverty and inequality.

Moreover, while the increase in girls’ enrolment and the positive Gender Parity Index (GPI) are encouraging, they should not obscure the broader challenges. Equal representation does not equate to equal quality of education. All students, including girls, need access to a supportive learning environment, updated resources, and skilled educators. Without addressing these core issues, gains in gender parity will be superficial at best.

The government must prioritize the enhancement of primary education in its schools as a matter of urgency. This involves more than policy changes or increased funding; it requires a comprehensive overhaul of the system. Teacher training programs must be revitalized, infrastructure improved, and curricula regularly updated to reflect societal needs and market demands.

While India has made significant strides in expanding access to education, the focus must now shift to improving its quality, particularly at the primary level in government schools. The future of millions of children depends on a robust, well-supported, and well-monitored education system.